The man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat by Oliver W. Sacks

The Man Who Mistook is Wife for a Hat is the story of individuals afflicted with fantastic perceptual and intellectual aberrations: patients who have lost their memory and with it the greater part of their past; who are no longer able to recognize people and common objects; who are stricken with violent tics and grimaces or who shout involuntary obscenities; whose limbs have become alien; who have been dismissed as retarded yet are gifted with uncanny artistic or mathematical talents.